• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant composed of generators integrated in urban furniture, including its injection to the grid. The present invention proposes innovative urban or interurban solar plants by the generator itself and its integration into micro-networks. The solar generator can be attached to any street furniture. As the street lamps are the most common street furniture, a semi-cylindrical or polygonal design has been proposed, vertically to fit around the shafts. The solar generator is a sandwich whose photovoltaic layer of solar cells, whose technology is indifferent to this invention, is encapsulated between two media, one transparent (for example, glass or transparent polymeter), and the other transparent as the first, or opaque (for example, aluminum or polymer), acting in turn as a heat sink and structural support element for fastening and integration to the urban element. The set has very low powers, from 20 watts. Several generator sets are connected to a new or existing electrical panel or core, and one or more cores make up a micro-network. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2674717A1
    申请号:ES201601035
    申请日:2017-01-03
    公开日:2018-07-03
    发明作者:Antonio CALO LÓPEZ；Hugo José RODRÍGUEZ SAN SEGUNDO；Cristina VICENTE SUSO
    申请人:Antonio CALO LÓPEZ；Hugo José RODRÍGUEZ SAN SEGUNDO；Cristina VICENTE SUSO；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    image 1
    URBAN OR INTERURBAN PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PLANT COMPOSED BY GENERATORS INTEGRATED IN URBAN FURNITURE, INCLUDING NETWORK SUINJECTION Technical sector
    The invention is part of the renewable energy technical sector, more specifically in relation to both photovoltaic solar energy and its integration into micro-networks. State of the art
    This invention covers two aspects of urban or interurban solar plants producing electricity, whose state of the art is to cover in the following paragraphs, separately, since the authors do not know the state of the art that unifies them.
    On the one hand, a.) The integration of solar generators into urban elements. Although there are many types of architectural integration of photovoltaic solar modules, which give rise to the Architectural Integration branch of the Solar Photovoltaic (or BIPV, for its acronym in English, Building Integrated PhotoVoltaics), this branch basically refers to the integration into buildings , and generally requires the design of specific solar modules for each application. There is very little history of integration in street furniture, mostly restricted to street lamps.
    In the latter case, as can be seen, for example, in the patents KR20110137938, KR20110047088 or KR20110041183, the solar module is always located above the pole and the luminaire, since the highest production in a tilt and orientation position is prioritized optimal. However, this configuration suffers from higher costs, since the lamp needs more foundation. In addition, in the majority of solar street lamps, the configuration makes the conversion of existing street lamps impossible. Only very few inventions address this issue, such as GB2449102 with a complicated platform, to also be placed on top of the solar lamppost. This patent also forgets to explain how it solves the greater load against the wind that this structure implies, it only mentions that the platform “must not compromise the structural integrity of the post on which it is mounted”, but it is obvious that it will be necessary to reinforce the foundation in places with a lot of wind, even snow.
    In this sense, a configuration of the solar generator really aesthetically integrated in the lamppost would be desirable, as far as possible vertically around its shaft, since thus, even with lower yields, the assembly would offer much greater mechanical resistance to loads of wind and would save costs in foundations and therefore use the system in existing street lamp shafts immediately.
    image2
    image3
    On the other hand, b.) The composition of urban or interurban generation micro-networks, including the combined network injection of the various generators that make up the micro-network. Today, micro-networks are experiencing a boom not only in those places where the power grid does not reach and it is necessary to set up a system to provide electricity for a certain population center, but also, with the rise of so-called Smart cities or smart-cities, are playing an increasingly important role in urban environments. Said micro-networks generally consist of several medium-sized generators, of various generation technologies, and may be renewable and / or non-renewable. In addition, they are coupled to the consumption of the population nucleus, in such a way that they are generally attached to “intelligent” methods of coupling control from generation to demand, and vice versa. They also include methods of storing energy and connecting to the electricity grid, in the event that the micro-network generators themselves cannot supply consumption. The present invention can take advantage of the knowledge already acquired in this field, but nevertheless it goes further and proposes the organization of micro-networks of very small generators, which can be aesthetically integrated in any urban furniture of a city or interurban route (by example in any lamppost), without the need to group in larger plants, concentrating the control of the micro-network in centrals that group several of these small generators, and managing the micro-network also independently to facilitate preventive maintenance work - Corrective and energy marketing. Until now, the state of the art has dealt with how to protect these small generators from network variations (such as, for example, in US9101004B2, KR1020110047088 or KR101232331 *), and their control and electrical scheme (such as , for example, in GB2449102, WO / 2016/119181, CN104953613, CN204465016 or CN104716659), but very little of how to manage a micro-network with individual generators as small as a potential electricity trader.
    It is for all the above that the present invention proposes to combine the entire state of the art of the two previous points, and innovate using specially designed photovoltaic systems, which can be coupled to any existing urban furniture to create urban or interurban micro-networks in a very fast, formed by very small individual generators that can be grouped into several cores, always connected to each other via wireless connections or PLC (communications via power lines or Power Line Communications). .
    The advantages offered by the present invention are multiple. For example, any city in any part of the world can use, for example, the thousands of existing street lamps, to install solar urban plants very quickly and to commercialize the electricity produced. Moreover, you can take advantage of the assembly and change the thousands of inefficient lamps that today exist in many cities of the world for LED luminaires, much more efficient. Its amortization would be even much faster with the present invention, since to the energy saving favored by the LED itself, the energy produced by the solar generator coupled to the lamppost is added, which is free for the entire life of the lamp, a Once its repayment period is exceeded. An additional advantage is that, as the solar generator (1) is composed of materials that can be extruded or injected (aluminum and / or polymers) for integration into the urban element, it can have a modularity that leads to an almost infinite possibility of applications, such as: hybrid (hot water and electricity generation), recreational or holiday, autonomous emergency systems, building integration (BIPV), among others.
    image4
    image5 Explanation of the invention.
    The present invention combines several aspects to propose innovative urban solar plants due to the conjunction of at least two points:
    a.) The use of solar generators, from very small powers, designed
    for its immediate aesthetic integration in urban furniture;
    b.) The connection of a variable number of these generators to micro-networks with
    centralized control in each.
    .
    That is to say, innovation not only consists of the generator itself, but also of its integration into micro-networks of generators located in urban furniture.
    In this sense, the two aspects of the invention must have unique specificities, so that the whole optimizes the result of selling kWh to the grid.
    On the one hand, and as shown in Figure 1, the solar generator (1) is designed in such a way that it can be attached to any urban furniture. The street lamps being by far the most common urban furniture in cities, a semi-cylindrical or polygonal design has been proposed for the solar generator (1), with a vertical position to be able to fit around the lampposts, whether cylindrical or polygonal. The proposed solar generator (1) is a sandwich in which the photovoltaic layer of solar cells (2) is encapsulated or between two transparent means (3a and 3b), which can be, for example, glass or a transparent polymer, such as for example polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), or between a transparent front medium (3a) of the same material, and a rear one (3b) that acts as a heatsink and structural bearing element for attachment to the urban element, for example aluminum
    or polymer, either transparent or opaque. This rear heatsink and structural support element (3b) of aluminum or polymer, as these materials allow, can have different colors, helping to personalize solar generators (1).
    The photovoltaic layer (2) consists of the union of several solar cells, whose technology can vary and is indistinct to the present invention. They can be properly cut crystalline silicon cells, or any of the existing thin-layer technologies, very suitable for architectural integration by their aesthetics, or any other present or coming technology. They will preferably be monofacial cells for the configuration of the solar generator (1) between transparent medium (3a) and aluminum or opaque polymer rear dissipator (3b), and bifacial cells in case the two covers (3a and 3b) are transparent means. Given the curved or polygonal nature of the solar generator, the interconnection of said solar cells must take into account the different simultaneous orientations of the generator with respect to the sun. That is, the internal connection of the cells within the module must be grouped into several rows in series connected in parallel with each other, each row in series having a fixed solar orientation. The length of the solar generator (1) is variable, depending on the final application. For example, if it is used in urban lampposts of less than 4 meters, the length of the solar generator (1) could be a maximum of 1 meter, so that it can occupy the top of the lamppost shaft and thus avoid theft or reduce vandalism. The length of the solar generator (1) may be longer for higher street lamps. The power of the solar generator (1) will depend not only on said length, but also on the chosen solar cell technology. For example, for a length of 1 meter, monocrystalline silicon solar cells of 20% efficiency, and a lamp diameter of 220 mm, the power of the solar generator (1) is around 20 watts (W).
    image6
    image7
    Therefore, very low power solar generators (1) are obtained, which is also considered innovative in the present invention, since solar installations, even urban ones, are generally based on conventional solar generators par excellence: flat photovoltaic modules of crystalline silicon, whose unit power varies today approximately between 250 and 300W.
    Another aspect that brings novelty to the present invention is the individual grid injection that is done with each solar generator (1), by connecting it to a microinverter (4) whose power is adapted to that of the solar generator (1), and that transforms the direct current generated by the solar generator (1) and injects it as alternating current to the network (5). Therefore, through this configuration, each unit coupled to a lamppost becomes a direct producer of alternating current injected into the network. Alternatively, and whenever technically feasible, a microinverter (4) can be used for several solar generators (1), using the connections between them as direct current transmission during the day, and alternating current during the night (for example, in the case of street lamps to be illuminated), with the appropriate protections according to regulations.
    To ensure that the installation is as fast and economical as possible, the solar generators (1) are hooked to the lanterns by very simple hooking systems (6), so that the complete set is practically of the “plug-and-” format. play ”, that is, immediate installation and connection. It is achieved in this way that any lamppost or other urban or interurban furniture of any city
    or road, with this system coupled, form a generator set (7) with direct injection to the network (5) of powers from approximately 20 W.
    A group of generator sets (7), each individually injecting into the network (5), consisting of quantities of for example between 70 and 100 units (as in conventional street lighting), is connected to an electrical panel or core ( 8) new or existing, as shown in Figure 2. This table contains the control elements, such as bidirectional counters and the protection elements required by standard (magnetothermal, differential, etc.), to which each generator set (7) sends the generation data, so that it can monitor at all times the amount of electricity generated. Likewise, bidirectional counters of said electrical panels (8) may supply electricity from the grid (5) to street lamps or urban or interurban furniture at the necessary times (for example, at night hours in the case of street lamps).
    One or more of these electrical panels or cores (8) make up a micro-network, whose exchange of data between cores (8) can be wirelessly via wireless connection or through communications via the power line by systems called PLC (Power Line Communications). Therefore, the micro-network has at all times the generation data and also the consumption data.
    image8
    image9
    The invention implies almost infinite modularity and adaptability because the solar generators (1) are formed by easily extrudable or injection-manufactured materials (such as aluminum and polymers), so that their design can be applied to infinite sizes and variations of the form, obtaining, for example, hybrid solar panels (hot water and electricity generation), recreational or holiday, autonomous emergency systems, building integration (BIPV), among others. Description of the drawings
    Figure 1 shows a semi-cylindrical or polygonal solar generator (1), the detail of which shows the sandwich in which the photovoltaic layer (2) is encapsulated between two protections (3a and 3b), the transparent front (3a), and the rear (3b) either transparent or opaque. The solar generator (1) is connected to the network (5) by means of a microinverter (4) adapted to the power of the solar generator (1). The coupling to the street furniture is carried out through systems (6) of “plug-and-play” format, that is, of immediate installation and connection. The entire generator set (7) thus pours the electricity generated directly to the grid (5).
    In Figure 2, several generator sets (7) are connected to an electrical panel or core (8) that contains all the control and monitoring elements of the electricity generated by the generator sets (7), including bidirectional counters that allow the supply of electricity to the street lamps or street furniture in the hours that they need it (for example, night hours in the case of street lamps). Embodiments of the invention
    In a non-exclusive configuration, the proposed urban plant:
    -It consists of 100 generator sets (7) connected to a core (8), consisting of
    of a bidirectional counter and regulatory protection elements.
    -The generator sets (7) use the lamppost shafts as a support, lampposts
    which are 4 meters high and 220 mm in diameter, so the generators
    solar (1) are 1 meter long, and have an individual power of
    approximately 20 W, being the photovoltaic layer (2) of monocrystalline silicon
    20% monofacial efficiency, that is, the rear protection (3b) is opaque.
    The microinverter (4) therefore adapts to that power. In total, for
    consequently, the urban plant has 2 kilowatts (kW) of nominal power.
    image10
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    image 1
    1. Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant consisting of one or more generator sets (7), characterized by:
    -be the support of each generator set (7) an urban furniture, such as street lamps;
    -consist each generator set (7): of a semi-cylindrical or polygonal solar generator (1), adapted to the shape of the street furniture (for example, the street lamps), with the photovoltaic layer (2) encapsulated between two protective means (3) , one front (3a) and one rear (3b); of at most one microinverter (4) - each microinverter unit (4) can belong to a single generator set (7) or be shared by several - whose power is adapted to the power of the solar generator (1), to inject alternating current directly to the network (5); and systems (6) for quick coupling to street furniture for immediate installation and connection.
    [2]
    2. Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant consisting of one or more generator sets (7), according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective means (3a and 3b) are both transparent means, for example glass, PMMA or any other extrudable or fabricable polymer by injection, when the photovoltaic layer (2) is bifacial, and the rear medium (3b) acting as a structural bearing element for fixing and integration to the urban element.
    [3]
    3. Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant consisting of one or more generator sets (7), according to claim 1, characterized in that the front protective means (3a) is transparent, for example glass or PMMA or other extrudable or injection-fabricable polymer, and the rear protective means (3b) is opaque, for example of extrudable or injection-fabricated aluminum or polymer and with customizable color, when the photovoltaic layer (2) is monofacial, this rear means (3b) acting as a heat sink and structural bearing element acting for fixation and integration to the urban or interurban element.
    [4]
    Four. Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant consisting of one or more generator sets (7), according to claims 1 and 2 or 1 and 3, characterized by - consisting of a new or existing core (8) to which one or more are connected
    generator sets (7), from which all the control and monitoring of electricity production is carried out, as well as the consumption of urban furniture, and has, at least, two-way meters, regulatory protection elements and data transfer by via wireless or PLC.
    [5]
    5. Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant consisting of one or several generator sets (7), according to claims 1 and 2 or 1 and 3, characterized in that the rear protective means (3b) of the solar generator (1) is extruded in a different way depending on the geometric requirements of the final application: hybrid (hot water and electricity generation), recreational or holiday, autonomous emergency systems, building integration.
    image2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2674717B1|2019-05-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2315165A1|2007-04-11|2009-03-16|Javier Sancha Montes|Supply to the mains network and sale of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells, adapted for use on the tops of lamps used on illuminated roadways |
    US20150312996A1|2010-03-15|2015-10-29|Spi Tecno S.R.L.|Safety device for a street lamp system|
    US20120211046A1|2011-02-22|2012-08-23|Energy Innovations Pty Ltd.|Electrical Power Generation|
    US20130322063A1|2012-05-31|2013-12-05|Larry Tittle|Solar retrofit lighting system|
    US20160036224A1|2014-07-29|2016-02-04|Lonnie L. Kornovich|Utility Pole Mounted Solar Panels and Securing Brackets|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201601035A|ES2674717B1|2017-01-03|2017-01-03|Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant composed of generators integrated in urban furniture, including its injection to the grid|ES201601035A| ES2674717B1|2017-01-03|2017-01-03|Urban or interurban photovoltaic solar plant composed of generators integrated in urban furniture, including its injection to the grid|
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